Alice In Wonderland Moral Message

Poem origins: Alice'southward Adventures in Wonderland

long-necked-alice Select a verse form:

All in the golden afternoon
How doth the little crocodile
The Mouse's tale
Yous are old, Father William
Speak roughly to your picayune boy
Twinkle, twinkle, little bat
The Lobster Quadrille
'Tis the vocalisation of the Lobster
Turtle Soup
The Tarts
The alphabetic character in the trial

All in the golden afternoon

The poem "All in the golden afternoon" is non a parody, just was entirely made up by Carroll himself. There are several noteworthy elements in information technology though.

The poem tells the story of how Alice'south Adventures in Wonderland came to be: Carroll told information technology during a boat trip to Alice and her sisters. The 'cruel Three' therefore are Lorina, Alice, and Edith Liddell, respectively 'Prima', 'Secunda' and 'Tertia'. The give-and-take 'little' in the lines "For both our oars, with piffling skill / Past little arms are plied / While piffling hands make vain pretence" are a reference to their last name, 'Liddell'.

How doth the little crocodile

How doth the little crocodile (Carroll)

How doth the little crocodile
Improve his shining tail,
And pour the waters of the Nile
On every golden scale!

How cheerfully he seems to grin,
How neatly spreads his claws,
And welcomes trivial fishes in,
With gently smiling jaws!

Against Idleness and Mischief (Isaac Watts)

How doth the little busy bee
Improve each shining hour,
And gather honey all the solar day
From every opening flower!

How skillfully she builds her jail cell!
How great she spreads the wax!
And labours hard to shop it well
With the sweetness food she makes.

In works of labour or of skill,
I would exist busy too;
For Satan finds some mischief still
For idle hands to do.

In books, or work, or healthful play,
Let my offset years be passed,
That I may give for every day
Some adept business relationship at final

Dorsum to meridian

The Mouse's tale

In 1845 Carroll had made a drove of booklets for his younger brother and sis, which he called "Useful and Instructive Poetry". The collection contained a poem called "A Tale of a Tail", near a dog with an extremely long tail, acompanied by his own drawing of it, which shows that the pun most tail/tale was something he had made in his childhood already, and was re-used for the 'Alice' books.

Carroll might take gotten the idea for the shape of this Mouse tale from the poet Tennyson. Tennyson told Carroll that he had had a dream about a lengthy poem virtually fairies, wich began with very long lines, then the lines got shorter and shorter until the verse form ended with fifty or lx lines of two syllables each. He thought very high of it in his slumber, simply completely forgot it when he awoke (Gardner, "The Annotated Alice" 50).

Carroll'due south original poem in "Alice'due south Adventures Under Ground" was very different from the ane that was somewhen published, which makes the Mouse'southward promise to explain why he dislikes cats and dogs a trivial strange, every bit there is no mention of cats in the poem, and only an obscure reference to a canis familiaris: Fury was the name of a flim-flam terrier, owned past Carroll's kid-friend Eveline Hull.

His later poem is in the structure of what is actually chosen a 'tail-rhyme', which is divers as "the measure associated in particular with a group of Middle English romances in which a pair of rhyming lines is followed by a single line of unlike length and the three‐line design is repeated to make upward a six‐line stanza.". It is called a 'tail-rhyme' considering the longer line under the two shorter lines looks like a tail on a mouse (Maiden, Graham and Fox)!

Carroll in one case proposed an additional change in the poem'south terminal quatrain. The revised stanza would have been:

Said the mouse to the cur.
"Such a trial, beloved Sir.
With no jury or approximate, would be slow and dry."
"I'll exist the jury,"
said cunning old Fury:
"I'll try the whole crusade, and condemn yous to die."
(Shaberman and Crutch)

This revision was never really implemented. Only the Books of Wonder editions seem to have adopted this change, for unknown reasons (Schaefer).

The Mouse'south tale (Carroll in the original version of the book)

Nosotros lived beneath the mat,
Warm and snug and fatty,
But 1 woe, and that
Was the Cat!

To our joys a clog,
In our eyes a fog,
On your hearts a log,
Was the Dog!

When the Cat'south away,
And then the mice will play,
But alas! i day,
(And so they say)

Came the Dog and True cat,
hunting for a Rat,
Crushed the mice all flat,
Each one every bit he sat,
Underneath the mat,
Warm and snug and fatty,
Think of that!

The Mouse'due south tale (Carroll in the later version of the book)

'Fury said to a mouse,
That he met in the business firm,
"Let us both get to law: I will prosecute Y'all.

–Come up, I'll take no denial;
We must have a trial:
For really this forenoon I've nothing to do."

Said the mouse to the cur,
"Such a trial, honey Sir,
With no jury or judge, would exist wasting our breath."

"I'll exist gauge, I'll be jury,"
Said cunning old Fury:
"I'll endeavor the whole cause, and condemn you lot to decease."'

Dorsum to top

You are sometime, Father William

Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone (Jones and Gladstone) argue that Carroll'south verse form is also a parody on the Oxford professor and reformer Dr. Benjamin Jowett. They see in the references to his standing on his head and turning backward somersaults the repetition of Carroll's view that Jowett was turning Oxford on its head. Besides, Tenniel's illustrations may caricature Jowett.

'Suet' and 'do it' apprear to be rhymes on Jowett or 'Juet'.The phrase 'Be off, or I'll boot you downwards stairs' may refer to Jowett'due south triumph over the High Church faction.

Carroll'south earlier scetches for Alice's Adventures Underground bear witness the swain with a haircut looking like a cartoon Carroll fabricated of himself as a mad educatee with his hair in a gale.

You are old, Father William (Carroll)

"You are old, father William," the young man said,
"And your hair has become very white;
And nevertheless you incessantly stand on your caput–
Do y'all recollect, at your age, it is right?"

"In my youth," father William replied to his son,
"I feared it might hurt the encephalon;
But now that I'm perfectly certain I have none,
Why, I do information technology again and once more."

"You lot are old," said the youth, "as I mentioned before,
And have grown most exceptionally fatty;
Yet you turned a back-somersault in at the door–
Pray what is the reason of that?"

"In my youth," said the sage, as he shook his grey locks,
"I kept all my limbs very supple
Past the use of this ointment–one shilling the box–
Let me to sell yous a couple?"

"Yous are old," said the youth, "and your jaws are too weak
For anything tougher than suet;
Nonetheless you finished the goose, with the bones and the neb–
Pray, how did you manage to do it?"

"In my youth," said his father, "I took to the police,
And argued each case with my wife;
And the muscular strength, which it gave to my jaw,
Has lasted the rest of my life."

"You lot are onetime," said the youth, "one would hardly suppose
That your eye was every bit steady as e'er;
Notwithstanding you counterbalanced an eel on the stop of your nose–
What made you and then awfully clever?"

"I have answered three questions, and that is enough,"
Said the father. "Don't give yourself airs!
Do yous think I can listen all day to such stuff?
Be off, or I'll kicking you down stairs!"

The Old Man's Comforts and How He Gained Them (Robert Southey)

"You are quondam, father William," the fellow cried,
"The few locks which are left you are grey;
You are hale, begetter William, a hearty sometime man;
Now tell me the reason, I pray."

"In the days of my youth," father William replied,
"I remember'd that youth would wing fast,
And abus'd not my health and my vigour at first,
That I never might need them at last."

"You are old, begetter William," the immature man cried,
"And pleasures with youth pass away.
And yet yous lament non the days that are gone;
Now tell me the reason I pray."

"In the days of my youth," father William replied,
"I remember'd that youth could not final;
I idea of the future, whatever I did,
That I never might grieve for the past."

"Y'all are old, male parent William," the young man cried,
"And life must be hast'ning away;
You are cheerful and love to converse upon death;
Now tell me the reason, I pray."

"I am cheerful, young man," male parent William replied,
"Permit the cause thy attention engage;
In the days of my youth I call up'd my God!
And He hath not forgotten my age"

Dorsum to elevation

Speak roughly to your piddling boy

There is some uncertainty every bit to the author of this poem, for it occasionally appears as anonymous, or credited to David Bates, but is generally attributed to Langford. Bates is the near probable writer, however.

The verse form has an additional intent across but burlesquing Bates' poem. Information technology expresses Carroll's distaste for little boys. It is unthinkable that Carroll could have written "I speak severely to my girl / and shell her when she sneezes." (Gardner, "Speak Roughly nineteen-xxx")

Speak roughly to your little boy (Carroll)

Speak roughly to your little boy,
And beat him when he sneezes:
He just does information technology to annoy,
Because he knows information technology teases.

Chorus (In which the melt and the baby joined):–
Wow! wow! wow!

I speak severely to my boy,
And beat him when he sneezes:
For he can thoroughly enjoy
The pepper when he pleases

Chorus:
Wow! wow! wow!

Speak Gently (D. Bates)

Speak gently! It is better far
To rule past dearest than fright;
Speak gently; let no harsh words mar
The good nosotros might do here!

Speak gently! Love doth whisper depression
The vows that true hearts bind;
And gently Friendship's accents flow;
Affection'southward voice is kind.

Speak gently to the little kid!
Its love be sure to gain;
Teach it accents soft and mild;
It may non long remain.

Speak gently to the immature, for they
Volition accept enough to bear;
Pass through this life as best they may,
'Tis full of anxious care!

Speak gently to the aged one,
Grieve non the care-worn heart;
Whose sands of life are nearly run,
Let such in peace depart!

Speak gently to the erring; know
They may have toiled in vain;
Perchance unkindness fabricated them and then;
Oh, win them back once again!

Speak gently! He who gave his life
To curve man'due south stubborn will,
When elements were in vehement strife,
Said to them, "Peace, exist still."

Speak gently! 'is a little affair
Dropped in the centre'due south deep well;
The good, the joy, that it may bring,
Eternity shall tell

Back to summit

Twinkle, twinkle, little bat

Helmut Gernsheim describes in his book 'Lewis Carroll; Photographer' an incident which could have caused Carroll to use a bat and a tea-tray in his poem 'Twinkle, twinkle little Bat':

"At Christ Church the usually staid don relaxed in the company of little visitors to his large suite of rooms–a veritable children'south paradise. There was a wonderful array of dolls and toys, a distorting mirror, a clockwork bear, and a flying bat fabricated by him. This latter was the cause of much embarrassment when, on a hot summer afternoon, afterward circling the room several times, it suddenly flew out of the window and landed on a tea-tray which a college servant was just conveying across Tom Quad. Startled by this strange bogeyman, he dropped the tray with a not bad clatter."

According to Isa Bowman (1899), it was a salad bowl:

"Bob the Bat had many adventures. In that location was no fashion of controlling the direction of its flying, and one morning, a hot summer's morn when the window was wide open, Bob flew out into the garden and alighted in a basin of salad which a scout was taking to some one's rooms. The poor fellow was and then startled by the sudden flapping bogeyman that he dropped the bowl, and it was broken into a chiliad pieces."

All the same, the bat could as well refer to Bartholomew Price, a professor at Oxford and a skillful friend of Carroll's. Price's offset name was often abbreviated, resulting in the nickname 'Bat' (Gardner, "The Annotated Alice" 98 and Wilson).

Twinkle, twinkle, little bat (Carroll)

Twinkle, twinkle, piddling bat!
How I wonder what you're at!
Up above the world yous fly,
Like a tea-tray in the heaven.

The Star (Jane Taylor)

Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are!
Up in a higher place the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.

When the blazing sun is gone,
When he nothing shines upon
Then you show your little light,
Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.

And so the traveller in the dark
Thanks you for you tiny spark:
He could non encounter which fashion to become,
If you did not twinkle so.

In the dark blue sky you keep,
And often through my defunction peep,
For yous never close your eye
Til the sun is in the sky.

As your brilliant and tiny spark
Lights the traveller in the dark,
Though I know not what you are,
Twinkle, twinkle, little star

Dorsum to elevation

The Lobster Quadrille

In Carroll'due south original manuscript, 'Alice's Adventures nether Ground', the Lobster Quadrille verse form was different from the ane in 'Alice'south Adventures in Wonderland'. The poem has been modificated several times and several versions announced in impress.

The basis of the poem in Alice's Adventures Under Ground is the song "Emerge come upwards". On July 3, 1862, Carroll mentions in his diary hearing the Liddell sisters sing this song 'with great spirit' (Gardner, "The Annotated Alice" 133). The total text of this vocal is demeaning to black people, so that is probably why Carroll chose to change the poem for the published version.

The Lobster Quadrille (Carroll)

"Will you walk a picayune faster?" said a whiting to a snail.
"There'southward a porpoise close behind us, and he's treading on my tail.
See how eagerly the lobsters and the turtles all accelerate!
They are waiting on the shingle–will you lot come up and bring together the dance?

Will yous, won't you, will y'all, won't you, volition yous join the dance?
Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, won't yous bring together the dance?

"You can really take no notion how delightful it will be
When they take us up and throw us, with the lobsters, out to bounding main!"
Simply the snail replied "As well far, as well far!" and gave a look askance–
Said he thanked the whiting kindly, simply he would not join the trip the light fantastic toe.

Would not, could not, would not, could not, would non join the dance.
Would not, could not, would not, could not, could not join the dance.

"What matters it how far we become?" his scaly friend replied.
"There is some other shore, you know, upon the other side.
The farther off from England the nearer is to France–
And so turn not pale, beloved snail, but come up and join the trip the light fantastic toe.

Will you, won't you, will you, won't you, volition you join the dance?
Volition y'all, won't y'all, will you, won't you lot, won't you join the trip the light fantastic?"

The Spider and the Fly (Mary Howitt)

"Will you walk into my parlor?"
Said a spider to a fly;
'Tis the prettiest little parlor
That always you did spy.
The manner into my parlor
Is up a winding stair,
And I have many pretty things
To show when yous are there."
"Oh, no, no!" said the piffling fly,
"To ask me is in vain;
For who goes upwards your winding stair
Can ne'er come down once more."

"I'thousand certain you must be weary
With soaring up and so high;
Volition you balance upon my piddling bed?"
Said the spider to the fly.
"There are pretty curtains drawn effectually,
The sheets are fine and thin;
And if you like to rest awhile,
I'll snugly tuck you in."
"Oh, no, no!" said the picayune wing,
"For I've oft heard information technology said,
They never, never wake once again
Who sleep upon your bed."

Said the cunning spider to the fly,
"Dear friend, what shall I do
To evidence the warm affection
I've always felt for you?
I have inside my pantry
Good store of all that's overnice;
I'm sure you're very welcome-
Will you please to take a slice.
"Oh, no, no!" said the little fly,
"Kind sir, that cannot be;
I've heard what'due south in your pantry,
And I practise non wish to see."

"Sweet creature," said the spider,
"You're witty and y'all're wise;
How handsome are your gauzy wings,
How brilliant are your optics.
I 'have a lilliputian looking-glass
Upon my parlor shelf;
If you'll step in one moment, dear,
You shail behold yourself."
"I thank you, gentle sir," she said,
"For what you're pleased to say,
And behest you skilful-morning, now,
I'll call another 24-hour interval."

The spider turned him circular about,
And went into his den,
For well he knew the lightheaded fly
Would soon exist back over again;
And so he wove a subtle thread
In a little corner sly,
And set his table ready
To dine upon the wing.
He went out to his door again,
And merrily did sing,
"Come hither, here, pretty fly,
With the pearl and silver fly;
Your robes are dark-green and purple,
In that location's a crest upon your head;
Your eyes are similar the diamond bright,
But mine are irksome as lead."

Alas, alas! how very soon
This silly little fly,
Hearing his wily, flattering words,
Came slowly flitting past
With buzzing wings she hung aloft,
Then nearly and nearer drew-
Thought only of her brilliant eyes,
And dark-green and purple hue;
Idea just of her crested head-
Poor foolish thing!
At final Up jumped the cunning spider,
And fiercely held her fast.

He dragged her upward his winding stair,
Into his dismal den
Within his little parlor-only
She ne'er came out again!
And now, dearest petty children
Who may this story read,
To idle, silly, flattering words,
I pray you, ne'er give heed:
Unto an evil counsellor
Close heart and ear and center,
And larn a lesson from this tale
Of the spider and the fly.

The Lobster Quadrille (Carroll in his original manuscript)

Beneath the waters of the bounding main
Are Lobsters thick as thick can exist –
They love to trip the light fantastic with you and me,
My own, my gentle Salmon!

CHORUS:
Salmon, come up up! Salmon, become down!
Salmon come twist your tail around!
Of all the fishes of the sea
There'due south none and then skilful equally Salmon!

Sally Come! (T. Ramsey)

Final Monday nighttime I gave a ball,
And I invite de Niggers all,
The thick, the thin, the brusque, the tall,
But none came upwards to Sally!

Sally come up! Sally go down!
Sally come twist your heel around!
De quondam man he's gone downwards to town-
Oh Sally come down de centre!

Back to summit

'Tis the vocalisation of the Lobster

The poem "The vocalism of the Lobster" underwent several changes. Initially, all editions of 'Alice' had a commencement verse of four lines and a second verse that was interrupted afterwards the 2nd line.

For William Boyd's book "Songs from Alice in Wonderland" (1870), Carroll supplied the missing two lines. The full stanza then read:

I passed by his garden, and marked, with i eye,
How the owl and the oyster were sharing a pie,
While the duck and the Dodo, the lizard and cat
Were swimming in milk circular the brim of a hat.

These boosted lines did not announced in editions from "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" though.

Every bit Carroll worked on a dramatic version of the volume for the stage, he fabricated changes to the poem which he and so did incorporated into his book. In the preface of the 70-9th thoused 6s edition from Dec 1886, Carroll stated:

"As Alice is about to appear on the Stage, and equally the lines beginning: "Tis the voice of the Lobster' were institute to be too fragmentary for dramatic purposes iv lines have been added to the kickoff stanza and vi to the second, while the Oyster has been developed into a Panther."

For the December 1887 edition, he also added the give-and-take 'by' at the very end. The version below therefore appears in editions later 1887 (italics are the added or changed lines).

(Gardner, "Ceremony edition" 123 and Jaques and Gidders 98)

'Tis the voice of the Lobster (Carroll)

'Tis the voice of the Lobster: I heard him declare
"You accept baked me too brown, I must carbohydrate my hair."
As a duck with its eyelids, and then he with his olfactory organ
Trims his belt and buttons, and turns out his toes.
When the sands are all dry out, he is gay as a distraction
And will talk in contemptuous tones of the Shark:
Just, when the tide rises and sharks are around,
His voice has a timid and tremulous audio.

I passed by his garden, and marked with 1 centre,
How the Owl and Panther were sharing a pie:
The Panther took pie-crust, and gravy and meat,
While the Owl had the dish equally its share of the treat.
When the pie was all finished, the Owl as a boon,
Was kindly permitted to pocket the spoon:
While the Panther received knife and fork with a growl,
And concluded the banquet past —

The Sluggard (Isaac Watts)

'Tis the voice of the sluggard; I heard him complain,
"Yous have wak'd me too soon, I must sleep again."
As the door on its hinges, then he on his bed,
Turns his sides and his shoulders and his heavy caput.

"A little more sleep, and a footling more than slumber;"
Thus he wastes one-half his days, and his hours without number,
And when he gets up, he sits folding his hands,
Or walks about sauntering, or trifling he stands.

I laissez passer'd by his garden, and saw the wild brier,
The thorn and the thistle grown broader and college;
The clothes that hang on him are turning to rags;
And his money still wastes till be starves or he begs.

I fabricated him a visit, withal hoping to detect
That he took amend care for improving his mind:
He told me his dream, talked of eating and drinking;
Just he deficient reads his Bible, and never loves thinking.

Said I then to my center, "Hither'southward a lesson for me,"
This man's a picture of what I might be:
Simply thank you to my friends for their care in my breeding,
Who taught me anon to love working and reading

Turtle Soup

Carroll mainly parodies the overblown sentimentality of the song, not and then much the message of it.

Equally Florence Milner (Milner 13-16) wrote: 'The about delightful function of the parody is the division of the words in the refrain in simulated of the approved method of singing the song with its holds and sentimental stress upon the terminal word.'

Turtle Soup (Carroll)

Beautiful Soup, and then rich and green,
Waiting in a hot tureen!
Who for such dainties would not stoop?
Soup of the evening, beautiful Soup!
Soup of the evening, beautiful Soup!

Beau–ootiful Soo–oop!
Beau–ootiful Soo–oop
Soo–oop of the due east–e–evening,
Beautiful, cute Soup!

Cute Soup! Who cares for fish,
Game or any other dish?
Who would not give all else for two p
ennyworth only of Beautiful Soup?
Pennyworth only of beautiful Soup?

Beau–ootiful Soo–oop!
Beau–ootiful Soo–oop!
Soo–oop of the due east–e–evening,
Beautiful, beauti–FUL SOUP!

Star of the Evening (James M. Sayle)

Beautiful star in heav'n so bright,
Softly falls thy silv'ry light,
As g movest from earth afar,
Star of the evening, beautiful star.

Chorus:
Beautiful star,
Cute star,
Star of the evening, beautiful star.

In Fancy'south eye thou seem'st to say,
Follow me, come up from earth away.
Upward thy spirit'south pinions effort,
To realms of love beyond the sky.

Shine on, oh star of love divine,
And may our soul'south affection twine
Around thee every bit g movest distant,
Star of the twilight, cute star

Back to elevation

The tarts

Carroll re-used an former nursery rhyme for his 'tarts' poem.

The Tarts (Carroll)

The Queen of Hearts, she made some tarts,
All on a summer day:
The Knave of Hearts, he stole those tarts,
And took them quite away!

The Tarts (Mother Goose)

The Queen of Hearts,
She made some tarts,
All on a summertime's day;
The Knave of Hearts,
He stole the tarts,
And took them clean away.

The King of Hearts
Called for the tarts,
And beat the Knave full sore;
The Knave of Hearts
Brought back the tarts,
And vowed he'd steal no more.

Back to acme

The letter in the trial

The poem upon which this parody is based is not every bit well known as most of the other, the showtime two lines being the simply ones often quoted.

For some unknown reason Carroll dropped the first stanza, first with the second, thus obliterating all evident resemblance between parody and original.

Several years earlier Alice in Wonderland was published, Carroll had already written a slightly different version of this poem. It appeared in The Comic Times of London in 1855.

The letter of the alphabet in the trial (Carroll)

She's all my fancy painted him
(I make no idle boast);
If he or you had lost a limb,
Which would have suffered most?

They told me yous had been to her,
And mentioned me to him:
She gave me a good character,
But said I could not swim.

He sent them word I had non gone
(We know information technology to be true):
If she should push the matter on,
What would get of you?

I gave her 1, they gave him two,
You gave us iii or more;
They all returned from him to you,
Though they were mine before.

If I or she should chance to be
Involved in this matter,
He trusts to you lot to set them free,
Exactly equally nosotros were.

My notion was that you had been
(Before she had this fit)
An obstacle that came between
Him, and ourselves, and it.

Don't allow him know she liked them best,
For this must ever exist
A secret, kept from all the residue,
Between yourself and me.

Alice Gray (William Mee)

She'south all my fancy painted her, she's lovely, she'southward divine,
But her heart it is another'southward, she never can be mine.
Yet loved I as human never loved, a love without decay,
Oh, my heart, my heart is breaking for the dear of Alice Gray.

Her nighttime brown pilus is braided o'er a brow of spotless white,
Her soft blue middle now languishes, at present flashes with please;
Her pilus is braided not for me, the eye is turned away,
Yet my heart, my heart is breaking for the love of Alice Gray.

I've sunk beneath the summer'south sun, and trembled in the nail.
But my pilgrimage is nearly washed, the weary conflict's by;
And when the green sod wraps my grave, may pity haply say,
Oh, his eye, his heart is cleaved for the love of Alice Gray!

Works cited

Bowman, Isa. The Story of Lewis Carroll: Told for Young People past the Real Alice in Wonderland, Eastward. P. Dutton & Co, The Knickerbocker Press, New York, 1899.

Gardner, Martin. The Annotated Alice. Wings Books, 1998.

Gardner, Martin. The Annotated Alice. 150th anniversary deluxe edition, W.W. Norton & Company, 2015.

Gardner, Martin. "Speak Roughly".Lewis Carroll Observed: A collection of unpublished photographs, drawings, poetry, and new essays, edited by Edward Guiliano, Clarkson N. Potter, 1976.

Gernsheim, Helmut.Lewis Carroll; Lensman. Dover Publications, 1970.

Jaques, Zoe and Eugene Gidders. Lewis Carroll'south Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass. A Publishing History. Ashgate Studies in Publishing History, Ashgate Publishing, 2016.

Jones, Jo Elwyn and J. Francis Gladstone. The Alice Companion. NYU Press, 1998.

Maiden, J., G. Graham and Due north. Play a joke on. "A Tail in a Tail-Rhyme". Jabberwocky, summer/fall, 1989.

Milner, Florence. "The Poems in Alice in Wonderland". The Bookman, XVIII, September 1903.

Shaberman, Raphael Bernard and Denis Crutch. Nether the quizzing Glass: A Lewis Carroll miscellany. Magpie Press, 1972.

Schaefer, David. Presentation during the spring meeting of the LCSNA. Described in "Broadway Boogie-Woogie" past Cindy Watter, Knight Letter of the alphabet, issue 22, no. 92, spring 2014.

Wilson, Robin. "Charles Dodgson'south Oxford: from Undergraduate to Young Don". The Carrollian, no.30, October 2017.